利用MODIS影像反演大气水汽含量的方法研究     

赵有兵  顾利亚  黄丁发  吕弋培 《测绘科学》2008,33(5)

目前,利用MOD IS近红外波段反演大气水汽含量主要采用两通道比值加权法和三通道比值加权法,为了对比研究这两种的方法,本文结合四川地区MOD IS影像,采用两通道比值法和三通道比值法分别获得17、18、19近红外通道大气水汽值,然后对两通道比值法和三通道比值法计算的三个近红外通道大气水汽值取加权平均,分别得到该地区加权平均大气水汽含量。对子区域(成都地区)MOD IS的两种加权平均大气水汽含量与同时同地SONDE大气水汽含量进行对比分析,实验结果表明:用MOD IS近红外波段反演大气水汽含量拟采用三通道比值加权法。  相似文献   

On the frequency of lake-effect snowfall in the Catskill Mountains     

Dorothy K. Hall  Allan Frei  Nicolo E. DiGirolamo 《自然地理学》2018,39(5):389-405

Meltwater from snow that falls in the Catskill/Delaware watershed in the Catskill Mountains in south-central New York contributes to reservoirs that supply drinking water to approximately nine million people in and near New York City (NYC). Using the Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) 4-km snow maps from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Ice Center, we identified and tracked 28 lake-effect (LE) storms that deposited snow in the Catskills (2004–2017). These storms, which generally originated from Lake Ontario, but sometimes from Lake Erie, represent an underestimate of the number of LE storms that contribute snowfall to the Catskills snowpack because snowstorms are not visible on IMS maps when they travel over already-snow-covered terrain. Using satellite, meteorological (including NEXRAD and National Weather Service Cooperative Observer Program), and reanalysis data, we identified conditions that contributed to the LE snowstorms and mapped snow-cover extent (SCE) following the storms. We show that LE snow makes an important contribution to the Catskills snowpack because of the frequency of events, even though the total amount of each event may, on average, be small. The IMS 4-km maps tend to overestimate SCE compared to MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Landsat snow maps. Climate change could impact LE storms and the distribution of rain versus snow in the Catskills, which may affect future reservoir operations in the NYC Water Supply System and winter recreation in the Catskills.  相似文献   

2000-2014年黄河源区ET时空特征及其与气候因子关系   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

叶红  张廷斌  易桂花  李景吉  别小娟  刘栋  罗琳玲 《地理学报》2018,73(11):2117-2134

黄河源区地处青藏高原东缘,具有独特的自然生境和丰富的自然资源,是中国西南区域经济发展的重要生态安全屏障。以MODIS ET产品作为研究黄河源区地表蒸散发（ET）的数据源,结合黄河源区内部及周边18个气象站数据、全国1∶100万植被类型图和黄河源区DEM数据,利用趋势分析、相对年际变化和相关分析法,研究2000-2014年黄河源区ET时空变化特征及不同土地利用类型下ET的变化规律,重点探讨了ET与气候因子的关系。结果表明：① 黄河源区多年ET区域分异规律明显,北部ET显著弱于中部和东南部,最强ET位于黄河源区的东南部,多年平均ET值为538.61 mm/a,距平相对变化显著,ET年际变化呈先减小后增加的趋势,平均趋势变化率为0.44 mm/a;② 年内ET呈周期性单峰变化趋势,7月达到峰值;2000-2014年黄河源区多年四季ET季节性差异明显,夏季ET最强达到188.14 mm/a,春秋季次之,冬季ET最弱仅97.15 mm/a;③ 研究时段内不同土地利用类型的ET大小表现为沼泽地>林地>草地>其他>裸地,整体上各土地利用类型的ET呈逐渐增加趋势;④ 相关分析结果表明,ET与同期气温、降水呈正相关关系,与相对湿度呈负相关关系,其中降水对ET的影响强于气温;驱动分区结果显示黄河源区ET受气候因子驱动的地区主要表现为降水驱动。  相似文献   

斯里兰卡海域马林鱼(Makira sp.)的丰度与海表温度之间的关系     

Thushani Suleka Madhubhashini ELEPATHAGE  唐丹玲  王素芬 《南京气象学院学报》2018,10(3):353-360

马林鱼（Makira sp.）是斯里兰卡一种有名的海洋鱼类.为了降低在近海区域捕获马林鱼的成本,研究马林鱼的丰度是否受温度的影响十分重要.因此,对2~13.5°N,76.5~88°E区域内2006年的Aqua/MODIS海表温度数据和从斯里兰卡国家水产资源研究和发展机构获取的2006年的马林鱼捕获数据进行了分析.通过对东北、东南、西北和西南海域的数据分别绘图,分析海表温度和鱼类供应的时空变化以及它们之间的关系.研究结果显示：马林鱼最大的鱼获产量区域位于斯里兰卡海域的西部海域;渔业单位捕捞量随着海表温度变化而变化;捕获马林鱼最大频率的海域海表温度为27~28℃.根据经验累积分布频率（ECDF）分析的结果,渔获率与22~31℃海表温度之间有着显著的关系,尤其与26~31℃海表温度的关系最为显著.对于不同的区域,捕捞马林鱼最合适的时间也不同,东北海域的3—5月和7—10月、西北海域的2—6月和8—9月、东南海域的2—7月和9—12月以及西南海域的3月—次年1月均适合马林鱼的捕捞.  相似文献   

中国地区MODIS地表反照率反演结果的时空分布研究          下载免费PDF全文

陈爱军  周芬  梁学伟  卞林根  刘玉洁 《大气科学学报》2018,41(2):267-274

应用2003—2015年MODIS地表反照率反演质量数据MCD43A2,统计分析中国地区MODIS地表反照率反演质量的时空分布特征,结果表明:1)中国地区MODIS地表反照率反演质量在空间分布上具有明显的差异,高质量全反演结果(质量标记0)主要分布在东北、华北、西北地区和西南地区的中西部;当量反演结果(质量标记3)主要分布在华东、华中、华南地区和西南地区的中东部;填充值(质量标记15)主要分布在华中、华南、华东地区及西南地区的部分区域。2)在东北、华北和西北地区,只有春、夏和秋季才有超过60%的区域可能获得高精度MODIS地表反照率;可能获得高精度M ODIS地表反照率的区域,在西南地区全年各时段都只有40%~60%,在华东、华中和华南地区全年各时段都不足20%。3)各地当量反演结果的比例一般不足50%,华东和华中地区夏季和秋季当量反演结果的比例超过40%;4)华中和华东地区夏季和冬季,以及华南地区春、夏和冬季,填充值的比例超过50%,华南和华中地区最高甚至超过80%。  相似文献   

联合星载毫米波雷达和中分辨率光谱成像仪的云底高度反演     

高顶  李冠林  马烁  严卫 《气象科学》2018,38(6):815-823

云底高度是云重要的宏观物理参数。本文基于MODIS和CPR探测得到的可见光、红外和毫米波数据,提出了用主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)和BP神经网络反演云底高度的新方法,并以相对湿度阈值法处理探空资料所获取的云底高度为基准,对PCA-BP法和CloudSat产品获取的云底高度进行了对比分析。结果表明:对绝大部分类型的云,PCA-BP法的反演偏差小于CloudSat产品。PCA-BP法和CloudSat产品反演的云底高度在夏季偏低,在其他季节偏高,且PCA-BP法与探空仪的均方根误差在所有季节均小于CloudSat产品,两者反演的云底高度具有一致的季节特征,即夏高冬低。PCA-BP法和CloudSat产品所获取的云底高度随纬度升高有减小趋势,在不同地区,两者具有不同的反演效果,反演误差随纬度升高而逐渐减小,对比结果说明了PCA-BP法反演云底高度具有一定的可行性。  相似文献   

More than a safety net: Ethiopia’s flagship public works program increases tree cover     

《Global Environmental Change》2022

More than one billion people worldwide receive cash or in-kind transfers from social protection programs. In low-income countries, these transfers are often conditioned on participation in labor-intensive public works to rehabilitate local infrastructure or natural resources. Despite their popularity, the environmental impacts of public works programs remain largely undocumented. We quantify the impact on tree cover of Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP), one of the world’s largest and longest-running public works programs, using satellite-based data of tree cover combined with difference-in-differences and inverse probability treatment weighting methodologies. We find that the PSNP increased tree cover by 3.8% between 2005 and 2019, with larger increases in less densely populated areas and on steep-sloped terrain. As increasing tree cover is considered an important strategy to mitigate global warming, our results suggest a win–win potential for social safety net programs with an environmental component.  相似文献   

基于GNSS的MODIS大气可降水量校正模型     

马赛  岳迎春  上官明  邹玉学  丁茂华 《南京气象学院学报》2021,13(2):154-160

MODIS大气可降水量（PWV）空间分辨率高但易受云雨等环境因素影响,精度不高.GNSS PWV 空间分辨率较低但具有全天候、不受天气影响、精度高的优点.研究表明两者存在显著的线性相关性,结合两者的优点,基于GNSS PWV校正MODIS PWV可获取大面积高精度的PWV.针对传统的线性回归校正模型没有考虑云、气溶胶等的影响使两种数据线性相关性变差的问题,本文在传统的线性校正模型上增加了使用年积日的非线性周期项的方法来构建校正模型.利用2017—2019年香港地区GNSS对流层延迟与MODIS近红外数据,使用频谱分析线性残差项,结果表明残差具有显著的年周期.对比传统模型,本文模型的平均绝对误差、平均相对误差、均方根误差和拟合度都有明显的改善,表明本文模型可行有效且精度较高.  相似文献   

Mapping fire regimes in China using MODIS active fire and burned area data     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2017

Relatively little is known about vegetation fire regimes in China. In this study, we investigated fire regime characteristics and their potential drivers, utilizing information extracted from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) satellite. Twelve fire regime variables were selected and computed on a regular grid over all of China, using MODIS burned area and active fire data during the period 2001 to 2016, to identify fire incidence and its inter-annual variability, seasonality, intensity, fire size distribution and vegetation types affected by fire. The variables were normalized and clustered to define six fire regimes with distinctive fire attributes. Results show that 78.6% of the land in China was affected by fire during the study period. The barren or sparsely vegetated lands of western China are nearly fire-free. Active fires were observed in Central China, but area burned was not detectable from MODIS. Forest fires in northeastern China are relatively large, infrequent, with a short fire season that peaks in non-winter seasons and higher inter-annual variability, implying a high likelihood of accidental causes. In contrast, forest fires in southern China are relatively small, frequent, with a long fire season that peaks in non-summer seasons, and lower inter-annual variability, suggesting regular use as a land management tool. Low inter-annual variability and low fire intensity were associated with cropland fires, whereas grassland fires generally exhibit the opposite traits. We have also discussed the potential drivers of each fire regime characteristics.  相似文献   

Testing estimation of water surface in Italian rice district from MODIS satellite data     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2016

Recent changes in rice crop management within Northern Italy rice district led to a reduction of seeding in flooding condition, which may have an impact on reservoir water management and on the animal and plant communities that depend on the flooded paddies. Therefore, monitoring and quantifying the spatial and temporal variability of water presence in paddy fields is becoming important. In this study we present a method to estimate dynamics of presence of standing water (i.e. fraction of flooded area) in rice fields using MODIS data. First, we produced high resolution water presence maps from Landsat by thresholding the Normalised Difference Flood Index (NDFI) made: we made it by comparing five Landsat 8 images with field-obtained information about rice field status and water presence. Using these data we developed an empirical model to estimate the flooding fraction of each MODIS cell. Finally we validated the MODIS-based flooding maps with both Landsat and ground information. Results showed a good predictability of water surface from Landsat (OA = 92%) and a robust usability of MODIS data to predict water fraction (R² = 0.73, EF = 0.57, RMSE = 0.13 at 1 × 1 km resolution). Analysis showed that the predictive ability of the model decreases with the greening up of rice, so we used NDVI to automatically discriminate estimations for inaccurate cells in order to provide the water maps with a reliability flag. Results demonstrate that it is possible to monitor water dynamics in rice paddies using moderate resolution multispectral satellite data. The achievement is a proof of concept for the analysis of MODIS archives to investigate irrigation dynamics in the last 15 years to retrieve information for ecological and hydrological studies.  相似文献